文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Verlinden, Sara Maria Daniel ¹ ; Larsen, Mona Lilian Vestbjerg ¹ ; Parmiggiani, Andrea ¹ ; Gao, Cui ¹ ; Li, Xue ³ ; Youssef, Ali ¹ ; Everaert, Nadia ⁵ ; Norton, Tomas ¹ ;

作者机构： 1.Katholieke Univ Leuven, M3 BIORES, Dept Biosyst, Div Anim & Human Hlth Engn, Kasteelpk Arenberg 30, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium

2.Aarhus Univ, Dept Anim & Vet Sci Anim Behav Stress & Welf, Blichers Alle 20, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark

3.Jiangsu Acad Agr Sci, Inst Agr Facil & Equipment, Nanjing 210014, Peoples R China

4.Wageningen Univ & Res, Adaptat Physiol Grp, POB 338, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, Netherlands

5.Katholieke Univ Leuven, NAMES, Dept Biosyst, Div Anim & Human Hlth Engn, Kasteelpk Arenberg 30, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium

6.Kasteelpk Arenberg 30, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium

关键词： Chicken; Fearful; Social behaviors; Incubation; Thermal manipulation; Embryo

期刊名称：APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE （ 影响因子：2.3； 五年影响因子：2.5 ）

ISSN： 0168-1591

年卷期： 2023 年 258 卷

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Egg incubation through artificial means is a highly controlled process, where eggs are held at a fixed air tem-perature of 37.6 degrees C. Nevertheless, much research has been conducted on alternative temperature profiles to evaluate their influence on production and welfare traits. Most attention has been paid on increasing temperature as this has been shown to improve heat tolerance in later life. Limited research has been conducted on the effects on animal behavior, although the absence of negative emotions such as fearfulness and the presence of social expression is considered crucial for positive animal welfare as stated by the Welfare Quality (R) Protocol for Poultry. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of two heat tolerance improving thermal treatments: (T1, +1 degrees C and T2, +2 degrees C from embryonic day 15-20) on fearful and social behaviors in later life. A total of 12 pens (4 per treatment) containing 13-14 chickens was reared for 42 days. During this rearing period, post-hatch fearful and social behavior were quantified using seven behavioral tests: an emergence test, a social reinstatement test, an isolation test, a novel arena test, a novel object test, a human stationary and a human approach test. These tests were chosen based on a thorough literature study and repeated 2 or 3 times. The research results showed that social behaviors were affected by the interaction of treatment and gender. Whereas in standard incubation, males have a lower social reinstatement tendency, both treatments changed their behavior. T1 males vocalized more than females during isolation (males: 73 +/- 4 calls versus fe-males: 38 +/- 2 calls, P < 0.001) and T2 males showed more social motivation during a social reinstatement test compared to C (T2: 121 +/- 20 s versus C: 66 +/- 25 s, P < 0.05) and T1 (57 +/- 27 s, P < 0.05). Finally, an effect of age was found with older birds being less fearful of a novel object and novel environment, but more fearful of an approaching human. Also, they seem more socially driven to contact conspecifics. However, the validity of these age results is questionable as habituation, changing sensory and/or cognitive skills, variance between repeats and possible reduced mobility at an older age could affect the behavioral response over time. In conclusion, increased temperature during incubation conditions can improve heat tolerance in later life, however, sociality is also affected. Both T1 and T2 changed social behaviour. An increased tendency to reinstate contact with conspecifics is found in T2 males than females.