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Long-Term Fertilizer Experiment Network in China: Crop Yields and Soil Nutrient Trends

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Zhao, Bing-qiang 2 ; Li, Xiu-ying 2 ; Li, Xiao-ping 2 ; Shi, Xiao-jun 3 ; Huang, Shao-min 4 ; Wang, Bo-ren 5 ; Zhu, Pi 1 ;

作者机构： 1.Rothamsted Res, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England

2.Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Agr Resources & Reg Planning, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China

3.Southwest Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Chongqing 400716, Peoples R China

4.Henan Acad Agr Sci, Inst Plant Nutr Environm & Resources, Zhenzhou 450002, Henan, Peoples R China

5.Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Hengyang Red Soil Expt Stn, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, Peoples R China

6.Jilin Acad Agr Sci, Ctr Agr Environm & Resources, Gongzhuling 136100, Jilin, Peoples R China

7.NW Univ Agr & Forest Sci, Coll Resources & Environm Sci, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China

8.Xinjiang Acad Agr Sci, Inst Soils & Fertilizers, Urumqi 830091, Xinjiang, Peoples R Chin

关键词： manure;soil fertility;crop yield;soil acidification;single cropping system;double cropping system;crop production sustainability;soil nutrient trend;triple cropping system

期刊名称：AGRONOMY JOURNAL （ 影响因子：2.24； 五年影响因子：2.829 ）

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收录情况： SCI

摘要： Results are summarized for the first 15 yr of an eight-site, long-term experimental network in China designed to assess the sustainability of cropping systems in environments representing 70% of Chinese cropland. Systems were wheat-maize double cropping (two crops per year) at four sites, wheat-rice double cropping, rice-based triple cropping, and wheat or maize single cropping. Without fertilizers, wheat yields were mainly <= 1 t ha(-1), and maize yields were >= 2 t ha(-1). With NPK fertilizer (rates averaging 154, 33, and 54 kg ha(-1) per crop of N, P, and K, respectively), wheat yields mainly ranged from 5 to 7 t ha(-1), and maize yields ranged from 6 to 9 t ha(-1). Without P fertilizer, yields declined (up to 4 t ha(-1) less than with NPK), and Olsen-P values in soil declined, although rates differed between sites. Decreasing yields from withholding K usually emerged more slowly. The results emphasize the value of long-term experiments to reveal trends in soil fertility not apparent within a few years and the need for research in these environments to define "critical concentrations" of plant-available P and K in soil for maintaining maximum crop yields. Results with manures show the risk of overfertilization and water pollution with N and P if inorganic fertilizer applications are not decreased to take account of nutrients from manure. At two sites, there was evidence of significant N and P inputs from irrigation water. At one site, the addition of N fertilizer gradually caused soil acidification; this caused inefficient utilization of nutrients and led to crop failure.

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