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Biodiversity-safeguarding threshold for urea-fertilizer application on paddy fields: Protozoa-based toxicity tests

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Hou, Chunyu 1 ; Yu, Kexin 1 ; Shi, Tianyi 1 ; Jiang, Benchao 3 ; Cao, Liangzi 4 ; Wang, Wenyuan 1 ; Han, Mei 1 ; Tang, Jing 1 ; Zhao, Yuting 1 ; Pan, Xuming 1 ; Li, Jianye 6 ; Lee, Duu-Jong 7 ; Wang, Li 1 ;

作者机构： 1.Harbin Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci & Technol, Lab Protozoa, Harbin 150025, Peoples R China

2.Harbin Normal Univ, Key Lab Biodivers Aquat Organisms, Harbin 150025, Peoples R China

3.Ecol Environm Monitoring Cent Stn Heilongjiang Pro, Harbin 150056, Peoples R China

4.Heilongjiang Acad Agr Sci, Inst Tillage & Cultivat, Harbin 150088, Peoples R China

5.Heilongjiang Rice Qual Improvement & Genet Breedin, Harbin 150086, Peoples R China

6.Chinese Acad Sci, Northeast Inst Geog & Agroecol, State Key Lab Black Soils Conservat & Utilizat, Harbin 150081, Peoples R China

7.City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Mech Engn, Hong Kong 999077, Peoples R China

关键词： Protozoan; Safety threshold; Nitrogenous fertilizer; Soil health

期刊名称：JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT （ 影响因子：8.4； 五年影响因子：8.6 ）

ISSN： 0301-4797

年卷期： 2024 年 370 卷

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Urea is a widely applied fertilizer to enhance crop yields. Ecological risks associated with the excessive application of urea fertilizer threaten the paddy fields' sustainable agriculture and biodiversity preservation. There are no practical thresholds based on proven data on microbial communities. Protozoa are nitrogen-sensitive organisms. For the first time, this study conducted acute and chronic urea toxicity tests on eight species of organisms. The results indicate that Blepharisma sp. is the most sensitive species to urea exposure and is a suitable indicator for determining the safe threshold of urea. This study estimated the predicted no-effect concentration using species sensitivity distribution curves. Subsequently, it established the threshold for urea application in rice fields based on the fields' area and the surface water's height. The short-term safety threshold for urea in the studied paddy field with black soil is 87.7 mg/L, equivalent to 43.85 kg of urea per hectare for a single nitrogen fertilizer application. The long-term safety threshold is 5.02 mg/L, representing the concentration for reapplicating urea. The biodiversity-safeguarding application threshold provides the basis for developing a urea fertilizer reduction protocol to safeguard the paddy fields' biodiversity.

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