Nitrogen rate is more important than irrigation rate in mitigating nitrogen leaching in flood-irrigated maize: A 6-year lysimeter experiment
文献类型： 外文期刊
作者： Hou, Liyao 1 ; Liu, Xiaotong 2 ; Luo, Jianhang 2 ; Zhao, Ying 2 ; Zhang, Xuejun 2 ; Lei, Qiuliang 3 ; Liu, Hongbin 3 ; Zou, Peng 4 ; Liu, Zhanjun 1 ;
作者机构： 1.Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Nat Resources & Environm, Yangling 712100, Peoples R China
2.Ningxia Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Inst Agr Resources & Environm, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, Peoples R China
3.Chinese Acad Agr Sci CAAS, Minist Agr & Rural Affairs, Key Lab Nonpoint Source Pollut Control, Inst Agr Resources & Reg Planning, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China
4.Heze Kingenta Ecol Engn Co Ltd, Heze 274000, Shandong, Peoples R China
关键词： Irrigated agriculture; Spring maize; Irrigation-nitrogen regimes; Lysimeter; Nitrogen leaching
期刊名称：GEODERMA （ 影响因子：5.6； 五年影响因子：6.7 ）
ISSN： 0016-7061
年卷期： 2024 年 447 卷
页码：
收录情况： SCI
摘要： Excessive nitrogen (N) fertilization and irrigation prevail in irrigated agriculture worldwide. However, little information is available that systematically evaluates grain yield, plant N uptake, residual soil NO3- -N (RSN), and N leaching under different irrigation - N regimes in an irrigated maize production system. To address such agronomic and environmental issues, a 6 -year in situ lysimeter field trial was conducted in the Hetao Irrigation District of China with five treatments: 1) conventional irrigation (3,900 m(3) /ha) and local farmer fertilizer N rate (490 kg ha(-1) ) (CON); 2) conventional irrigation and the recommended fertilizer N rate (420 kg ha(-1) ) (RN); 3) deficit irrigation (2,730 m(3) /ha) and the recommended fertilizer N rate (SRN); 4) deficit irrigation and the recommended fertilizer N rate (with similar to 10 % organic fertilizer N substitution) (SMN); and 5) conventional irrigation and controlled -release N fertilizer (270 kg ha(-1) ) (CRF). Maize yield was not significantly different across treatments in 2015 - 2020. Averaged across years, SMN, SRN, and CRF significantly increased plant N uptake compared with that in CON by 28.84 %, 19.15 %, and 17.53 %, respectively. Residual soil NO3- -N at 0 - 90 cm was ranked as SRN > CON approximate to SMN > RN > CRF, whereas cumulative N in leachate from 2015 - 2020 (N-loss ) in CON was 86.2 % to 187.1 % higher than that in other treatments. The N-loss in SRN was equivalent to that in RN and SMN, but N-loss in SMN decreased significantly compared with that in RN, indicating additive benefits of deficit irrigation and organic input on reducing N leaching. Structural equation modelling revealed that irrigation had greater effects on plant N uptake than those of fertilization, whereas N rate had a greater total effect on N leaching than that of irrigation. Overall, rampant excessive irrigation and N fertilization by farmers can be substantially reduced while maintaining grain yield and mitigating N leaching loss, with further benefits gained by applying controlled -release N fertilizer and manure in irrigated maize production.
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