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Rapidly evolving R genes in diverse grass species confer resistance to rice blast disease

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Yang, Sihai 1 ; Li, Jing 1 ; Zhang, Xiaohui 1 ; Zhang, Qijun 2 ; Huang, Ju 1 ; Chen, Jian-Qun 1 ; Hartl, Daniel L. 3 ; Ti 1 ;

作者机构： 1.Nanjing Univ, State Key Lab Pharmaceut Biotechnol, Sch Life Sci, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China

2.Jiangsu Acad Agr Sci, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, Peoples R China

3.Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA

关键词： genes;grass;species

期刊名称：PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA （ 影响因子：11.205； 五年影响因子：12.291 ）

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收录情况： SCI

摘要： We show that the genomes of maize, sorghum, and brachypodium contain genes that, when transformed into rice, confer resistance to rice blast disease. The genes are resistance genes (R genes) that encode proteins with nucleotide-binding site (NBS) and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains (NBS-LRR proteins). By using criteria associated with rapid molecular evolution, we identified three rapidly evolving R-gene families in these species as well as in rice, and transformed a randomly chosen subset of these genes into rice strains known to be sensitive to rice blast disease caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. The transformed strains were then tested for sensitivity or resistance to 12 diverse strains of M. oryzae. A total of 15 functional blast R genes were identified among 60 NBS-LRR genes cloned from maize, sorghum, and brachypodium; and 13 blast R genes were obtained from 20 NBS-LRR paralogs in rice. These results show that abundant blast R genes occur not only within species but also among species, and that the R genes in the same rapidly evolving gene family can exhibit an effector response that confers resistance to rapidly evolving fungal pathogens. Neither conventional evolutionary conservation nor conventional evolutionary convergence supplies a satisfactory explanation of our findings. We suggest a unique mechanism termed "constrained divergence," in which R genes and pathogen effectors can follow only limited evolutionary pathways to increase fitness. Our results open avenues for R-gene identification that will help to elucidate R-gene vs. effector mechanisms and may yield new sources of durable pathogen resistance.

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