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Comparative and combined acute toxicity of butachlor, imidacloprid and chlorpyrifos on earthworm, Eisenia fetida

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Chen, Chen 1 ; Wang, Yanhua 2 ; Zhao, Xueping 2 ; Wang, Qiang 2 ; Qian, Yongzhong 1 ;

作者机构： 1.Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Key Lab Agroprod Qual & Safety, Minist Agr, Inst Qual Stand & Testing Technol Agroprod, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China

2.Zhejiang Acad Agr Sci, State Key Lab Breeding Base Zhejiang Sustainable, Key Lab Pesticide Residue Detect, Minist Agr,Inst Qual & Stand Agroprod, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, Peoples R China

关键词： Butachlor;Imidacloprid;Chlorpyrifos;Acute mixture toxicity;Eisenia fetida

期刊名称：CHEMOSPHERE （ 影响因子：7.086； 五年影响因子：6.956 ）

ISSN：

年卷期：

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收录情况： SCI

摘要： Various pesticides have become widespread contaminants of soils due to their large applications in agriculture and homes. An earthworm assay was used to assess the acute toxicity of butachlor, imidacloprid and chlorpyrifos with different modes of action. Ecotoxicities of these pesticides were compared for earthworm Eisenia fetida separately and in combination in artificial soil and contact filter paper tests. Imidacloprid was the most toxic for E. fetida with LC_(50) (lethal concentration 50) values three orders magnitude lower than that of butachlor and chlorpyrifos in both tests. The toxicity of the mixtures was compared to that predicted by the concentration addition (CA) model. According to the CA model, the observed toxicities of all binary mixtures were less than additive. However, for all the mixtures in 14 d artificial soil test, and mixtures of butachlor plus chlorpyrifos and imidacloprid plus chlorpyrifos in 48 h contact filter paper test, the difference in toxicity was less than 30%, hence it was concluded that the mixtures conformed to CA. The combined effects of the pesticides in contact filter paper tests were not consistent with the results in artificial soil toxicity tests, which may be associated with the interaction of soil salts with the pesticides. The CA model provides estimates of mixture toxicity that did not markedly underestimate the measured toxicity, and therefore the CA model is the most suitable to use in ecological risk assessments of the pesticides.

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