Enantioselective developmental toxicity and immunotoxicity of pyraclofos toward zebrafish (Danio rerio)
文献类型: 外文期刊
作者: Zhuang, Shulin 1 ; Zhang, Zhisheng 1 ; Zhang, Wenjing 1 ; Bao, Lingling 1 ; Xu, Chao 3 ; Zhang, Hu 4 ;
作者机构: 1.Zhejiang Univ, Coll Environm & Resource Sci, Inst Environm Sci, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China
2.Zhejiang Prov Key Lab Organ Pollut Proc & Control, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China
3.Zhejiang Univ Technol, Coll Biol & Environm Engn, Res Ctr Environm Sci, Hangzhou 310032, Zhejiang, Peoples R China
4.Zhejiang Acad Agr Sci, Inst Qual & Stand Agroprod, Hangzhou 210021, Zhejiang, Peoples R China
关键词: Pyraclofos;Aquatic toxicity;Enantioselectivity;Zebrafish;Modeling
期刊名称:AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY ( 影响因子:4.964; 五年影响因子:5.071 )
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收录情况: SCI
摘要: Pyraclofos, a relatively new organophosphorus pesticide, has shown potential ecotoxicities, however, its aquatic toxicity, especially enantioselective aquatic toxicity, remains largely unknown. Using zebrafish (Danio redo) as a preeminent vertebrate aquatic model, the enantioselective differences in the developmental toxicity and immunotoxicity of pyraclofos were evaluated. Following 96-h exposure, pyraclofos enantiomers exhibited acute toxicity and showed lethal concentration 50 of 2.23 and 3.99 mg/L for (R)-Pyraclofos and (S)-Pyraclofos, respectively. Exposure to pyraclofos caused time- and concentration-dependent malformations such as pericardial edema, yolk sac edema, crooked bodies and hatching during the embryonic development, with markedly higher percentages of malformation at higher concentrations. The concentration-dependent immunotoxicity to zebrafish embryo exposed to low level pyraclofos was induced with significant up-regulation of mRNA levels of immune-related interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) gene. (R)-Pyraclofos was consistently more toxic than (S)-Pyraclofos for the acute toxicity, developmental toxicity and immunotoxicity to zebrafish. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that at the atomic level, (R)-Pyraclofos binds more potently to IL-1 beta protein than (S)-Pyraclofos. This enantioselective binding is mainly contributed by the distinct binding mode of pyraclofos enantiomers and their electrostatic interactions with IL-1 beta, which potentially affects IL-1 beta-dependent proinflammatory signal transduction. Our in vitro and in silica studies provided a better insight into the molecular basis for aquatic toxicity and thus improved the risk assessment for pyraclofos and other chiral organophosphorus pesticides. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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