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A new S1 subunit truncation vaccine induces effective protection against porcine deltacoronavirus in suckling piglets

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Chen, Zhuoqi 1 ; Xiao, Li 1 ; Zhou, Jinzhu 1 ; Wang, Wei 1 ; Guo, Rongli 1 ; Li, Jizong 1 ; Li, Bin 1 ;

作者机构： 1.Jiangsu Acad Agr Sci, Inst Vet Med, Key Lab Vet Biol Engn & Technol, Minist Agr, Nanjing 210014, Peoples R China

2.Jiangsu Key Lab Food Qual & Safety, State Key Lab Cultivat Base Minist Sci & Technol, Nanjing 210014, Peoples R China

3.Jiangsu Univ, Inst Life Sci, Sch Food & Biol Engn, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, Peoples R China

4.Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China

5.Yangzhou Univ, Jiangsu Coinnovat Ctr Prevent & Control Important, Yangzhou 225009, Peoples R China

6.Guotai Taizhou Ctr Technol Innovat Vet Biol, Taizhou 225300, Peoples R China

关键词： PDCoV; S1 subunit; Inactivated PDCoV vaccine; Protective immunity

期刊名称：VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY （ 影响因子：2.7； 五年影响因子：2.9 ）

ISSN： 0378-1135

年卷期： 2024 年 299 卷

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a novel porcine intestinal coronavirus that causes diarrhea in pigs of various ages, especially in suckling pigs. Developing effective treatments and vaccines is crucial to preventing PDCoV transmission and infection. This study evaluated the immune response elicited by the PDCoV S1 subunit and an inactivated PDCoV vaccine in mice. Indirect ELISA assays revealed a significant enhancement in IgG levels against PDCoV following vaccination with the PDCoV S1 subunit. Neutralization assays and flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that the PDCoV S1 subunit vaccine elicited robust neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) and cellular immune responses. To assess the protective efficacy of the S1 subunit in newborn piglets, pregnant sows were vaccinated with either the S1 or an inactivated PDCoV vaccine at 40 and 20 days before delivery. Five days post-farrowing, piglets were orally challenged with PDCoV strain. Severe diarrhea, high levels of viral RNA copies, and substantial intestinal villus atrophy were detected in piglets born to unimmunized sows. However, immunized S1 piglets showed high NAbs titers and significantly fewer microscopic lesions in the intestinal tissue, with only one piglet showing mild diarrhea. Thus, our results suggest that the PDCoV S1 subunit vaccine is effective with strong immunogenicity and is expected to be a candidate vaccine against PDCoV.

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