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Potential Pathogenicity and Genetic Characteristics of a Live-Attenuated Classical Swine Fever Virus Vaccine Derivative Variant

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Guo, Zhenhua 1 ; Xing, Guangxu 1 ; Wang, Leyi 2 ; Jin, Qianyue 1 ; Lu, Qingxia 1 ; Zhang, Gaiping 1 ;

作者机构： 1.Henan Acad Agr Sci, Key Lab Anim Immunol, Henan Prov Key Lab Anim Immunol, Minist Agr,Inst Anim Hlth, Zhengzhou, Peoples R China

2.Univ Illinois Champaign Urbana, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Clin Med, Urbana, IL USA

3.Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Vet Diagnost Lab, Urbana, IL USA

4.Longhu Modern Immun Lab, Zhengzhou, Henan, Peoples R China

5.Peking Univ, Sch Adv Agr Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China

期刊名称：TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES （ 影响因子：4.3； 五年影响因子：4.3 ）

ISSN： 1865-1674

年卷期： 2024 年 2024 卷

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Classical swine fever (CSF), caused by CSF virus (CSFV), is a highly contagious disease affecting pigs and causing massive pig production losses with severe global economic recession. The immunization of live-attenuated vaccines is still one of the key measures to CSFV management in endemic countries. However, there are also strong controversies about the usage of live-attenuated vaccines, particularly in pregnant sows and young pigs, such as in Europe, where domestic pigs are routinely not vaccinated until severe outbreaks occur. Here, we report a CSF outbreak in a pig farm in China, which affected more than 90% of the delivery sows and led to similar to 45% birth loss. Surprisingly, phylogenetic analysis showed that the CSFV isolate (named CSFV/HeNLY2022, GenBank No. OR195698) was clustered into subgenotype 1.1a, closely together with the live-attenuated vaccine strains. Further genomic analysis also revealed that the isolate CSFV/HeNLY2022 shared the highest nucleotide identity of 99.7% with the C/HVRI vaccine strain (C-strain, GenBank No. AY805221). Moreover, compared to the C/HVRI strain, a total of eight amino acid mutations, distributed in Erns (H436thY and S476thR), E1 (T502thI and P581thT), E2 (M979thK and A1061thS), NS5A (A2980thT), and NS5B (I3818thM), were characterized in the CSFV/HeNLY2022 isolate. Our results suggested that the CSF outbreak was most likely caused by the live-attenuated CSFV vaccine or its derivative. It raises concern that the unscientific application of CSFV vaccines could potentially lead to CSFV spread in pigs. It is needed to perform a more rigorous evaluation of the safety of the C-strain-derived vaccines in combination with other different live-attenuated vaccines.

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