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Effects of dietary copper on growth performance, immune responses, and intestinal microbiome in sub-adult crayfish (Procambarus clarkii)

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Naqeebullah, Ejaz 1 ; Liu, Bo 3 ; Zheng, Xiaochuan 1 ; Saifullah, Sharifi 1 ; Ying, Chen 1 ; Xu, Feifan 1 ; Wang, Aimin 4 ;

作者机构： 1.Nanjing Agr Univ, Wuxi Fisheries Coll, Wuxi, Peoples R China

2.Helmand Univ, Helmand, Afghanistan

3.Chinese Acad Fishery Sci CAFS, Freshwater Fisheries Res Ctr FFRC, Key Lab Genet Breeding Aquat Anim & Aquaculture Bi, Wuxi, Peoples R China

4.Yancheng Inst Technol, Coll Marine & Biol Engn, Yancheng 22405, Peoples R China

关键词： Procambarus clarkii; Copper sulfate; Growth performance; Immune response; Intestinal microbiota

期刊名称：AQUACULTURE INTERNATIONAL （ 影响因子：2.4； 五年影响因子：2.7 ）

ISSN： 0967-6120

年卷期： 2025 年 33 卷 6 期

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： This study investigates the optimal dietary copper levels for sub-adult crayfish (P. clarkii), examining its impact on growth, immune responses, and gut microbiota in an indoor aquaculture setting to improve feed formulations. In a 7-week study, P. clarkii (initial weight 13.3 +/- 0.01 g) was fed five different diets with varying copper levels. A control group (Cu0, 1.48 mg Cu/kg) was compared to four experimental groups (Cu15, Cu30, Cu60, Cu120) containing 12.72, 27.71, 65.09, and 121.34 mg Cu/kg, respectively, added as copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO45H(2)O). A total of 375 crayfish were divided into five groups with three replicates per group, with 25 crayfish per pond. Specifically, the final body weight (FBW) (p = 0.038), specific growth rate (SGR) (p = 0.031), and weight gain rate (WGR) (p = 0.031) of the Cu30 group were significantly higher, while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p = 0.001) and meat rate (MR) (p = 0.035) were significantly lower than those of the other groups. Compared with the control group, the copper content in the hepatopancreas of the Cu60 and Cu120 groups was significantly increased (p = 0.016). The aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were highest in the Cu120 group and lowest in the Cu30 group (p = 0.042). An antioxidant analysis showed that the hepatopancreatic content of ceruloplasmin (CP) in the hepatopancreas increased with the increase of copper addition (p = 0.008), and the T-SOD (total superoxide dismutase) levels were (p = 0.049), Cu/Zn-SOD (copper/zinc superoxide dismutase) (p = 0.045), and glutathione (GSH) (p = 0.046) of the Cu30 group were significantly higher than other groups (p = 0.046). Additionally, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was significantly lower in the Cu30 and Cu60 groups (p = 0.001). The Cu concentration did not affect overall microbial diversity but altered the gut microbiota composition. High copper (Cu120) significantly decreased Proteobacteria, Anaerorhabdus furcosa, Erysipelatoclostridium, Dysgonomonas, and ZOR0006, while increasing Verrucomicrobiota and Nitrospirota. This suggests that high copper levels can disrupt gut microbial balance. Based on quadratic regression analysis of weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR), the optimal dietary copper requirement for sub-adult crayfish (P. clarkii) was determined to be 46.24-47.86 mg/kg.

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