In vitro culture and comparative pathogenic characteristics of two ciliates prevalent in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Yue, Dongmei

作者： Yue, Dongmei;Li, Peipei;Jiang, Jingwei;Dong, Ying;Wang, Bai;Gao, Shan;Sun, Hongjuan;Zhang, Feifei;Jiang, Pingzhe;Pan, Yongjia;Zhou, Zunchun;Yue, Dongmei;Li, Peipei;Jiang, Jingwei;Dong, Ying;Wang, Bai;Gao, Shan;Sun, Hongjuan;Zhang, Feifei;Jiang, Pingzhe;Pan, Yongjia;Zhou, Zunchun;Song, Gang

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关键词： Ciliate; In vitro co-culture; Proliferation characteristics; Pathogenic mechanism; Apostichopus japonicus

期刊名称：AQUACULTURE （ 影响因子：3.9； 五年影响因子：4.4 ）

ISSN： 0044-8486

年卷期： 2025 年 608 卷

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Ciliate diseases pose growing threats to sea cucumber culture, yet their pathogenic mechanisms remain poorly understood due to challenges in sustaining in vitro cultures. This study developed a novel "ciliate-primary cell co-culture in vitro" method, and the proliferation patterns and pathogenicity of two dominant species, Boveria labialis and Uronema marinum, in Apostichopus japonicus were compared for the first time. This method achieved culture durations significantly longer than previously reported (similar to 13 days), maintaining Uronema marinum proliferation for over 30 months and Boveria labialis survival for 65 days at 4 degrees C. The results demonstrated distinct proliferation characteristics and pathogenicity of the two ciliates. Boveria labialis exhibited obligate parasitism in respiratory trees and high prevalence (88.3 %, 544/616), showing no significant difference between healthy and diseased hosts. This study showed no in vitro proliferation but reproduced sexually/asexually in naturally growing hosts. In contrast, Uronema marinum was isolated from the intestines of all six diseased hosts and was absent in healthy ones. Results demonstrated rapid in vitro proliferation of Uronema marinum in the respiratory tree, body cavity, and intestinal cells through binary fission, particularly in intestinal cell co-cultures (exponential growth from 10 to 2.6 x 10(4) ciliates/mL in 4 days). Experimental infections confirmed Uronema marinum's systemic pathogenicity, inducing 100 % morbidity with multi-organ lesions, including epidermal ulceration and tube foot detachment, underscoring its high pathogenicity and potential threat to sea cucumber culture. These findings enhance our understanding of differential pathogenic mechanisms between facultative and obligate ciliate parasites, providing critical insights for targeted disease management in sea cucumber aquaculture.

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