Making the Bread: Insights from Newly Synthesized Allohexaploid Wheat

文献类型: 外文期刊

第一作者: Li, Ai-Li

作者: Li, Ai-Li;Geng, Shuai-Feng;Mao, Long;Zhang, Lian-Quan;Liu, Deng-Cai

作者机构:

关键词: allopolyploidy;synthetic wheat;heterosis;adaptation;expression level dominance

期刊名称:MOLECULAR PLANT ( 影响因子:13.164; 五年影响因子:16.357 )

ISSN: 1674-2052

年卷期: 2015 年 8 卷 6 期

页码:

收录情况: SCI

摘要: Breadwheat (or common wheat, Triticum aestivum) is an allohexaploid (AABBDD, 2n = 6x = 42) that arose by hybridization between a cultivated tetraploid wheat T. turgidum(AABB, 2n = 4x = 28) and the wild goatgrass Aegilops tauschii (DD, 2n = 2x = 14). Polyploidization provided niches for rigorous genome modification at cytogenetic, genetic, and epigenetic levels, rendering a broader spread than its progenitors. This review summarizes the latest advances in understanding gene regulation mechanisms in newly synthesized allohexaploid wheat and possible correlation with polyploid growth vigor and adaptation. Cytogenetic studies reveal persistent association of whole-chromosome aneuploidy with nascent allopolyploids, in contrast to the genetic stability in common wheat. Transcriptome analysis of the euploid wheat shows that small RNAs are driving forces for homoeo-allele expression regulation via genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. The ensuing non-additively expressed genes and those with expression level dominance to the respective progenitor may play distinct functions in growth vigor and adaptation in nascent allohexaploid wheat. Further genetic diploidization of allohexaploid wheat is not random. Regional asymmetrical gene distribution, rather than subgenome dominance, is observed in both synthetic and natural allohexaploid wheats. The combinatorial effects of diverged genomes, subsequent selection of specific gene categories, and subgenome-specific traits are essential for the successful establishment of common wheat.

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