Biosynthesis and Extraction of Chlorophyll, Carotenoids, Anthocyanins, and Betalaine In Vivo and In Vitro

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Yu, Xinxin

作者： Yu, Xinxin;Wang, Hao;Xiang, Xingchun;Fu, Jingjing;Wang, Xin;Xing, Wang;Yu, Xinxin;Wang, Hao;Xiang, Xingchun;Fu, Jingjing;Wang, Xin;Xing, Wang;Zhou, Yuanhang

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关键词： biosynthesis; extraction; chlorophyll; carotenoids; anthocyanin; betalaine

期刊名称：CURRENT ISSUES IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY （ 影响因子：3.0； 五年影响因子：3.2 ）

ISSN： 1467-3037

年卷期： 2024 年 46 卷 9 期

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收录情况： SCI

摘要： As natural bioactive compounds, plant pigments play crucial roles not only in plant phenotype, growth, development, and adaptation to stress but also hold unique value in biotechnology, healthcare, and industrial applications. There is growing interest in the biosynthesis and acquisition of plant pigments. Thus, this paper explores emerging extraction methods of natural pigments and elucidates the biosynthesis pathways of four key plant pigments, chlorophylls, carotenoids, anthocyanins, and betalaine in vivo and in vitro. We comprehensively discuss the application of solvent, supercritical fluid [extraction], ultrasonic, and microwave-assisted extraction techniques, as well as introducing key enzymes, precursors, and synthetic pathways involved in pigment synthesis. delta-Aminolevulinic acid represents a pivotal initiating enzyme for chlorophyll synthesis, whereas isopentenylpyrophosphate, (IPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate, (DMAPP) are closely associated with carotenoid biosynthesis. Phenylalanine and tyrosine are critical substances for anthocyanin and betalaine synthesis, respectively. Hence, crucial genes such as chlI, crtB, PGT8, CYP76AD1, and BvDODA can be employed for heterologous biosynthesis in vitro to meet the demand for increased plant pigment amount. As a pivotal determinant of plant coloration, an in-depth exploration into the high-quality acquisition of plant pigments can provide a basis for developing superior pigments and offer new insights into increasing pigment yield.

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