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Physiological Effects of Oxidative Stress Caused by Saxitoxin in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Wu, Haiyan 1 ; Prithiviraj, Balakrishnan 2 ; Tan, Zhijun 1 ;

作者机构： 1.Chinese Acad Fishery Sci, Yellow Sea Fisheries Res Inst, Minist Agr & Rural Affairs, Key Lab Testing & Evaluat Aquat Prod Safety & Qual, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China

2.Dalhousie Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Plant Food & Environm Sci, Halifax, NS B2N5E3, Canada

3.Chinese Acad Fishery Sci, Yellow Sea Fisheries Res Inst, State Key Lab Mariculture Biobreeding & Sustainabl, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China

关键词： Caenorhabditis elegans; saxitoxin; oxidative stress; reproductivity; ATP

期刊名称：MARINE DRUGS （ 影响因子：5.4； 五年影响因子：5.5 ）

ISSN：

年卷期： 2023 年 21 卷 10 期

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Saxitoxin (STX) causes high toxicity by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels, and it poses a major threat to marine ecosystems and human health worldwide. Our work evaluated the neurotoxicity and chronic toxicology of STX to Caenorhabditis elegans by an analysis of lifespan, brood size, growth ability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, and the overexpression of green fluorescent protein (GFP). After exposure to a series of concentrations of STX for 24 h, worms showed paralysis symptoms and fully recovered within 6 h; less than 5% of worms died at the highest concentration of 1000 ng/mL for first larval stage (L1) worms and 10,000 ng/mL for fourth larval stage (L4) worms. Declines in lifespan, productivity, and body size of C. elegans were observed under the stress of 1, 10, and 100 ng/mL STX, and the lifespan was shorter than that in controls. With STX exposure, the productivity declined by 32-49%; the body size, including body length and body area, declined by 13-18% and 25-27%, respectively. The levels of ROS exhibited a gradual increase over time, accompanied by a positive concentration effect of STX resulting in 1.14-1.86 times higher levels compared to the control group in L4 worms. Conversely, no statistically significant differences were observed between L1 worms. Finally, after exposure to STX for 48 h, ATP levels and GFP expression in C. elegans showed a significant dose-dependent increase. Our study reports the first evidence that STX is not lethal but imposes substantial oxidative stress on C. elegans, with a dose-responsive relationship. Our results indicated that C. elegans is an ideal model to further study the mechanisms underlying the fitness of organisms under the stress caused by paralytic shellfish toxins including STX.

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