Evaluation of Alternaria toxins in fruits, vegetables and their derivatives marketed in China using a QuEChERS method coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: Analytical methods and occurrence
文献类型: 外文期刊
作者: Ji, Xiaofeng 1 ; Deng, Tao 2 ; Xiao, Yingping 1 ; Jin, Canghong 3 ; Lyu, Wentao 1 ; Wang, Wen 1 ; Tang, Biao 1 ; Wu, Zhen 2 ; Yang, Hua 1 ;
作者机构: 1.Zhejiang Acad Agr Sci, Inst Agro Prod Safety & Nutr, State Key Lab Managing Biot & Chem Threats Qual &, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, Peoples R China
2.Ningbo Univ, Coll Food & Pharmaceut Sci, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang, Peoples R China
3.Zhejiang Univ City Coll, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang, Peoples R China
4.Inst Agroprod Safety & Nutr, Zhejiang Acad Agr Sci, Hangzhou 310021, Peoples R China
关键词: Mycotoxins; Alternaria; Food safety; QuEChERS
期刊名称:FOOD CONTROL ( 影响因子:6.0; 五年影响因子:5.8 )
ISSN: 0956-7135
年卷期: 2023 年 147 卷
页码:
收录情况: SCI
摘要: Alternaria species are invasive fungi that infect fruits and vegetables and produce Alternaria toxins resulting in loss of commodity values and harmful effects on human health. To establish a reliable analytical method for Alternaria toxins in fruits, vegetables and their derivatives (e.g., fruit and vegetable juices, purees and jams; dried fruit and vegetables; fruit and vegetable powders), a QuEChERS extraction method was developed and validated for the determination of most reported Alternaria toxins (alternariol monomethyl ether [AME], alternariol [AOH], tentoxin [TEN], tenuazonic acid [TeA], and altenuene [ALT]). The limits of quantitation (LOQ) of the target analytes in food matrices were 1.0-5.0 mu g/kg. The extraction recoveries were 73.0%-120%, with good repeatability (<12.9%) and within-laboratory repeatability (<14.7%). The developed method was applied to 270 fruits, vegetables, and their derivatives randomly collected from the market in China. Approximately 45.2% of the samples were contaminated with varying levels of Alternaria toxins. The lowest incidence of contamination by Alternaria toxins was detected in fruits and vegetables (3.6%), and the highest incidence was found in fruit and vegetable powders (60.6%). TeA exhibited the highest detection frequency (22.6%) and the highest level of occurrence level (639 mu g/kg) among the tested samples, followed by AOH (14.1%), ALT (11.9%), AME (4.4%), and TEN (3.3%). Furthermore, the simultaneous co-presence of two to five Alternaria toxins was detected in 13.7% of the analyzed samples. The combination of AOH + TeA was the most predominant, accounting for 4.8% of samples. This study developed a reliable and sensitive analytical method and provided representative occurrence data to support the assessment of emerging mycotoxins, especially Alternaria toxins, in fruit and vegetable products.
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