The occurrence of typical psychotropic drugs in the aquatic environments and their potential toxicity to aquatic organisms-A review
文献类型： 外文期刊
作者： Zhu, Xianghai 1 ; Luo, Ting 2 ; Wang, Dou 2 ; Zhao, Yao 2 ; Jin, Yuanxiang 1 ; Yang, Guiling 2 ;
作者机构： 1.Zhejiang Univ Technol, Coll Biotechnol & Bioengn, Hangzhou 310032, Peoples R China
2.Zhejiang Acad Agr Sci, Inst Agroprod Safety & Nutr, State Key Lab Managing Biot & Chem Threats Qual &, Lab Hangzhou Risk Assessment Agr Prod Minist Agr, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, Peoples R China
3.Xianghu Lab, Hangzhou 311231, Peoples R China
关键词： Psychotropic drugs; Environmental distribution; Toxic effects; Health risks; Aquatic organisms
期刊名称：SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT （ 影响因子：9.8； 五年影响因子：9.6 ）
ISSN： 0048-9697
年卷期： 2023 年 900 卷
页码：
收录情况： SCI
摘要： Psychotropic drugs (PDs) and their bioactive metabolites often persist in aquatic environments due to their typical physical properties, which made them resistant to removal by traditional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Consequently, such drugs and/or their metabolites are frequently detected in both aquatic environ-ments and organisms. Even at low concentrations, these drugs can exhibit toxic effects on non-target organisms including bony fish (zebrafish (Danio rerio) and fathead minnows) and bivalves (freshwater mussels and clams). This narrative review focuses on the quintessential representatives of three different categories of PDs-antiepileptics, antidepressants, and antipsychotics. The data regarding their concentrations occurring in the environment, patterns of distribution, the degree of enrichment in various tissues of aquatic organisms, and the toxicological effects on them are summarized. The toxicological assessments of these drugs included the eval-uation of their effects on the reproductive, embryonic development, oxidative stress-related, neurobehavioral, and genetic functions in various experimental models. However, the mechanisms underlying the toxicity of PDs to aquatic organisms and their potential health risks to humans remain unclear. Most studies have focused on the effects caused by acute short-term exposure due to limitations in the experimental conditions, thus making it necessary to investigate the chronic toxic effects at concentrations that are in coherence with those occurring in the environment. Additionally, this review aims to raise awareness and stimulate further research efforts by highlighting the gaps in the understanding of the mechanisms behind PD-induced toxicity and potential health risks. Ultimately, the study underscores the importance of developing advanced remediation methods for the removal of PDs in WWTPs and encourages a broader discussion on mitigating their environmental impacts.
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