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Aluminum and Chromium Toxicity in Maize: Implications for Agronomic Attributes, Net Photosynthesis, Physio-Biochemical Oscillations, and Metal Accumulation in Different Plant Parts

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Anjum, Shakeel Ahmad 1 ; Ashraf, Umair 5 ; Khan, Imran 4 ; Tanveer, Mohsin 7 ; Saleem, Muhammad Farrukh 4 ; Wang, L 1 ;

作者机构： 1.Southwest Univ, Coll Agron & Biotechnol, Chongqing 400716, Peoples R China

2.Minist Educ, Key Lab Ecoenvironm Three Gorges Reservoir Reg, Chongqing 400716, Peoples R China

3.Minist Educ, Engn Res Ctr South Upland Agr, Chongqing 400716, Peoples R China

4.Univ Agr Faisalabad, Dept Agron, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan

5.South China Agr Univ, Dept Crop Sci & Technol, Coll Agr, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China

6.Minist Agr, Sci Observing & Expt Stn Crop Cultivat South Chin, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China

7.Univ Tasmania, Sch Land & Food, Hobart, Tas, Australia

关键词： Antioxidant defense;Metal uptake;Maize;Metal toxicity;Photosynthesis;Reactive oxygen species

期刊名称：WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION （ 影响因子：2.52； 五年影响因子：2.574 ）

ISSN：

年卷期：

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收录情况： SCI

摘要： Phytotoxic effects of a single heavy metal on different crops are widely reported; however, consequences of combined metal toxicity on maize are rarely investigated. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to assess the phytotoxic effects both Al and Cr on morphophysiological and biochemical traits, photosynthetic gas exchange capacities, metal uptake, and translocation in different plant parts. Plants were exposed to Al3+ (100 mu M), Cr6+ (100 mu M), and Al3+ + Cr6+ (100 + 100 mu M), and data were collected at pre- and post-silking stages while uncontaminated pots were served as control (Ck). Results depicted that both Al and Cr impaired maize growth and yield response and inhibited photosynthesis and gas exchange attributes i.e., transpiration, stomatal conductance, inter-cellular CO2, as well as water use efficiency (WUE) and intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi). Moreover, Al and Cr toxicities caused lipid peroxidation and membrane damage while activated antioxidative defense system in terms of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidaes (POD), and catalase (CAT) and mediated reduced glutathione contents (GSH). Increased proline and reduced protein contents were also observed with a combined metal toxicity. Interestingly, Cr proved to be more toxic than Al whereas affects were more apparent where both Al and Cr were applied simultaneously. Plant exposure to both Al and Cr increased metal contents in different plant parts, while maximum metal contents were recorded in roots followed by stem, leaves, corn ear, and grains. Overall severity in phytotoxic effects was observed as Al+Cr > Cr > Al > Ck. Additionally, values of combined application of both Al + Cr were higher than those of the linear sum of Al and Cr alone, suggesting that synergistic effects of Al + Cr were more toxic than their individual effects. Hence, combined metal toxicity proved more damaging for maize than individual metal stress.

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