Joint toxic effects of thiamethoxam and flusilazole on the adult worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L.)
文献类型： 外文期刊
作者： Wang, Dou 1 ; Lv, Lu 1 ; Gao, Zhongwen 2 ; Zhu, Yu-Cheng 3 ; Weng, Hongbiao 1 ; Yang, Guiling 1 ; Wang, Yanhua 1 ;
作者机构： 1.Zhejiang Acad Agr Sci, Inst Qual & Stand Agroprod, Key Lab Detect Pesticide Residues & Control Zheji, State Key Lab Managing Biot & Chem Threats Qual &, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, Peoples R China
2.Nankai Univ, Coll Chem, Res Inst Elementoorgan Chem, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China
3.USDA ARS, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA
关键词： Mixture toxicity; Neonicotinoid insecticide; Insect pollinators; Synergistic effect
期刊名称：ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION （ 影响因子：8.9； 五年影响因子：9.5 ）
ISSN： 0269-7491
年卷期： 2023 年 317 卷
页码：
收录情况： SCI
摘要： Insect pollinators are routinely exposed to a complex mixture of many pesticides. However, traditional environmental risk assessment is only carried out based on ecotoxicological data of single substances. In this context, we aimed to explore the potential effects when worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) were simultaneously challenged by thiamethoxam (TMX) and flusilazole (FSZ). Results displayed that TMX possessed higher toxicity to A. mellifera (96-h LC50 value of 0.11 mg a. i. L-1) than FSZ (96-h LC50 value of 738 mg a. i. L-1). Furthermore, the mixture of TMX and FSZ exhibited an acute synergistic impact on the pollinators. Meanwhile, the activities of SOD, caspase 3, caspase 9, and PPO, as well as the expressions of six genes (abaecin, dorsal-2, defensin-2, vtg, caspase-1, and CYP6AS14) associated with oxidative stress, immune response, lifespan, cell apoptosis, and detoxification metabolism were noteworthily varied in the individual and mixture challenges than at the baseline level. These data revealed that it is imminently essential to investigate the combined toxicity of pesticides since the toxicity evaluation from individual compounds toward honey bees may underestimate the toxicity in realistic conditions. Overall, the present results could help understand the potential contribution of pesticide mixtures to the decline of bee populations.
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